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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatem | om topə̑rtate |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatet | ot topə̑rtate |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtata | ok/ogeš topə̑rtate |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatena | ona/ogə̑na topə̑rtate |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtateda | oda/ogə̑da topə̑rtate |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatat | ogə̑t topə̑rtate |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatə̑šə̑m | šə̑m topə̑rtate |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topə̑rtate |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtatə̑š | ə̑š topə̑rtate |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatə̑šna | ə̑šna topə̑rtate |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatə̑šda | ə̑šda topə̑rtate |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatə̑št | ə̑št topə̑rtate |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatenam | topə̑rtaten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatenat | topə̑rtaten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtaten | topə̑rtaten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatenna | topə̑rtaten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatenda | topə̑rtaten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatenə̑t | topə̑rtaten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatem ə̑l'e | om topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatet ə̑l'e | ot topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtata ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtateda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatem ulmaš | om topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatet ulmaš | ot topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtata ulmaš | ok/ogeš topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtateda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatat ulmaš | ogə̑t topə̑rtate ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatenam ə̑l'e | topə̑rtaten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatenat ə̑l'e | topə̑rtaten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtaten ə̑l'e | topə̑rtaten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatenna ə̑l'e | topə̑rtaten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatenda ə̑l'e | topə̑rtaten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtaten ə̑l'e | topə̑rtaten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatenam ulmaš | topə̑rtaten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatenat ulmaš | topə̑rtaten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtaten ulmaš | topə̑rtaten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatenna ulmaš | topə̑rtaten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatenda ulmaš | topə̑rtaten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtaten ulmaš | topə̑rtaten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtate | it topə̑rtate |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtatə̑že | ə̑nže topə̑rtate |
| 1PL: | (topə̑rtatena) | (ona/ogə̑na topə̑rtate) |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatə̑za | ida topə̑rtate |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topə̑rtate |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatə̑nem | ə̑nem topə̑rtate |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatə̑net | ə̑net topə̑rtate |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtatə̑neže | ə̑než topə̑rtate |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatə̑nena | ə̑nena topə̑rtate |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatə̑neda | ə̑neda topə̑rtate |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatə̑nešt | ə̑nešt topə̑rtate |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑rtatə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtatə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topə̑rtatə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topə̑rtate ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topə̑rtatə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topə̑rtatə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topə̑rtatə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda topə̑rtate ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topə̑rtatə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topə̑rtate ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topə̑rtataš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topə̑rtatə̑man |
| Active participle: | topə̑rtatə̑še |
| Passive participle: | topə̑rtatə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topə̑rtatə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | topə̑rtatə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topə̑rtaten |
| Negative gerund: | topə̑rtatə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | topə̑rtatə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topə̑rtatə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topə̑rtatə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topə̑rtatə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | topə̑rtatə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||